The NRC is particularly alarmed by the recent arrest, detention, and summoning of Zambian journalists under the country's controversial Cyber Crimes Act No 4 of 2025, legislation that was enacted despite serious concerns raised by stakeholders.
This disturbing trend coincides with ongoing legal action. A petition has been filed by legal and civil society organizations at the High Court, arguing that critical provisions of both Zambia's Cyber Security Act No 3 of 2025 and Cyber Crimes Act No 4 of 2025, specifically those relating to surveillance and the interception of communications, could have far-reaching negative implications for freedom of expression, investigative journalism, and civic participation.
“The targeting of the fourth estate signals a chilling environment for the media ahead of the August 13 polls,” the Coalition stated. “It highlights the growing need to ensure that cyber legislation strikes an appropriate, transparent, and proportionate balance between protecting legitimate security interests and preserving the public's right to information, particularly during election periods.”
The eyes of the continent are on Zambia, especially after the state-imposed internet shutdown experienced in August 2021; the first in the country's history. That shutdown coincided with the presidential elections and blocked access to social media platforms.
As Zambians prepare to vote once again, the NRC emphasizes that the government must guarantee unrestricted access to information and protect free speech, assembly, and association. Such guarantees are essential to ensure the election process is inclusive, transparent, and fair.
The internet and social media provide critical forums for public debate, access to election-related information, and holding governments accountable. These digital platforms enable journalists, human rights activists, and election observers to report on and monitor elections effectively.
Across Africa, elections are increasingly shaped by digital technologies as citizens rely on online platforms for democratic participation. The NRC reminds the government of Zambia of its international obligations:
Article 19 of the African Charter on Democracy, Elections and Governance (ACDEG): Explicitly states that State Parties must guarantee security, free access to information, non-interference, freedom of movement, and full cooperation with electoral observer missions. ACDEG aims to foster citizen participation, transparency, and freedom of the press in public affairs.
Principle 38(2) of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR) Declaration: States that governments shall not engage in or condone any disruption of access to the internet and other digital technologies for segments of the public or an entire population.
ACHPR Resolution 580 on Internet Shutdowns and Elections: Calls on state parties to take the necessary legislative measures to ensure unrestricted and uninterrupted access to the internet leading up to, during, and after elections.
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