By Tunde Akindele
In April, the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC) announced the
emergence of dominant players in the Nigerian telecommunications market. Given
that Nigeria has enjoyed real time GSM service for only 12 years, that
development brought cheering news that the sector had indeed grown so fast.
The pronouncement was the outcome of NCC’s Study of the
Assessment of the Level of Competition in the Nigerian telecommunications
industry. According to the regulatory agency, the primary objective of that
exercise is to “ensure fair competition in all sectors of the Nigerian
communications industry.”
In 2010, NCC had conducted a similar study. But
none of the service providers could be considered a dominant player. But a
repeat exercise in June 2012 came up with a verdict that two operators – MTN
and Glo – are the leading lights.
The study considered six market segments namely Mobile Voice, Fixed Voice, Fixed Data, Mobile
Data, Upstream Segment and Downstream Segment. Going by the study, there are no
dominant operators yet in the fixed mobile, fixed data and downstream market
segments.
With over 47.4 million subscribers (about 43.57 per cent market share) as at
December 2012, MTN emerged as the dominant operator in the voice data category. A pioneer in the
Nigerian GSM sub-sector, along with Airtel (known as Econet when GSM service
was launched in Nigeria in 2001), MTN was also
announced as joint dominant operator in the upstream segment. It shared that
honour with Glo, which launched its services in 2003 and had about 24.1 million
subscribers (about 22.15 per cent) as at December 2012.
In its report, NCC declared that there are concerns in the two market
segments. For mobile voice, it states that the segment is not “effectively
competitive.” Fundamentally, NCC expressed worry about the “wide differential
(of about 300 per cent) between on-net and off net calls.” It goes further to
warn that “this is indicative of the likely establishment of a calling hub for
MTN subscribers.” This is what has raised concern for GSM subscribers.
Although the regulatory agency stated that the dominant operator in the
mobile voice market should, among others requirements, collapse on-net and
off-net retail tariffs immediately, that is yet to be done. According to MTN
tariffs, its subscribers are encouraged to make calls within the networks. Take
the MTN booster weekly prepaid charge. It offers MTN-to-MTN calls at 10 kobo
per second, while subscribers are charged 150 per cent more – 25 kobo per second – for calls to
other networks. At 30 kobo per second for calls from the second minute till the
rest of the day, MTN Super Saver off-net call rates are exploitative. There is
a huge difference of 200 per cent as it charged 10 kobo per second for on-net
calls.
Other operators appear to have made life easier for their subscribers
when making calls outside their networks. For Glo, its Talk-Free pre-paid
package, on-net calls cost 15 kobo per second and 18 kobo per second for
off-net calls. SMS charges are the same N4 irrespective of whether the message
is sent to within or outside the network. On Glo Hi-Flier and G-BAM Hi 5ive,
subscribers enjoy same 18 kobo per second charge to any network within Nigeria.
But Glo is also guilty of exploitation as it charged 10 kobo per second for
on-line calls on Glo Gista but 30 kobo per second for off-net calls, while Glo
1derful rates for voice calls are 15 kobo per second for on-net calls and 25
kobo off-net.
Airtel has 2good Classic and Airtel Club 10, among other packages. For
the former, voice calls have a flat rate of 18 kobo per second for calls to all
national destinations, irrespective of the network. Airtel Club 10 requires
subscribers to register 10 Airtel lines of family, friends or associates which
would then enable calls to be made at 8.34 kobo per second. Calls to other
Airtel numbers on this package cost 20 kobo per second on-net and 30 kobo per
second off-net.
Etisalat has Easy starter, among its several packages. Calls to all
networks cost 50 kobo per second, while Homezone calls are charged at 40 kobo
per second whether on-net or off-net. On Easycliq, calls within the network at
peak period cost 40 kobo per second and a minimal increase to 50 kobo per
second for off-net calls.
Tunde Agbabiaka, a consumer rights advocate, appeals to NCC to ensure
that the benefits of the dominant operator declaration are accruable to the
subscriber. “The regulator must not encourage or be soon to be encouraging the
dominant players to stifle the other network operators. That is dangerous for
the market that has become vibrant as a result of competition among the
operators,” he said.
Having commenced the Dominant Operator policy since May 1, the NCC is
expected to have ensured compliance with the new regime, particularly in the
area of pricing. In his recent announcement, NCC’s Director of Public Affairs,
Mr Tony Ojobo assured that the regulatory agency would deploy all necessary
procedures to ensure that both companies did not use their dominant positions
in the industry to stifle competition. NCC said it had, therefore, put measures
in place to correct current anti-competitive behaviours being practised by both
dominant operators. In his words, “dominance, in itself, is not negative
because it is an indication of the effectiveness, resourcefulness and strategic
decisions of the operator. However, the conduct of the operator determines how
its dominance would be perceived, particularly if that conduct is likely to substantially
lessen competition and distort the market.”
As it is, being the dominant operator in the mobile
voice market segment, MTN has devised a strategy to compel Nigerian subscribers
to either migrate to its network or acquire new MTN lines. The large disparity
between on-net and off-net calls also appeared to be a strategy to discourage
MTN subscribers from making calls to other operators.
According to consumer rights advocates, there is cause
for concern in this game of might as the subscribers would be the ultimate
loser. Nigerians haven’t forgotten how they had to queue all day to make calls
at NITEL offices and how they were reminded by their own Communications
Minister that telephone service was not for the poor. Nigeria must not be allowed
to descend to that better-forgotten past.
It is feared that if the call rates disparity is not
quickly checked by the regulatory agency, the smaller operators might be
discouraged from investing in the networks.
Unless NCC checks the excesses of the dominant operators, the regime of
monopoly that stunted the growth of the sector before the GSM revolution
commenced in 2001 may just well return.
*Tunde Akindele contributed this piece from Lagos.
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